Why Are Drugs Classified in the Categories They Are Essay Example for Free

Why Are Drugs Classified in the Categories They Are analyze1.Why atomic number 18 drugs classified in the categories they are?The term drug class gener wholey refers to the area touched by a drug or its effect on the automobile trunk (BIO-316V faculty 2 Lecture, 2012). many drugs digest fit into more than one category, but they are usually classified by their redress action. A drugs therapeutic category refers to its purposethe diseases or conditions it considers (Drug Classifications, 2013). Drugs can also be classified by the chemical type of the active ingredient.2.Give a description of the actions of drugs in each category. commutation Nervous SystemAnticonvulsants These drugs are used to tally/ counter seizures in patients who have epilepsy, seizure disorders, traumatic brain injuries, or other cerebral disorders ((BIO-316V Module 2 Lecture, 2012). Antidepressants These drugs are used to administer neurotransmitter deficiencies (BIO-316V Module Lecture, 2012). It can take weeks for the drug to reach the appropriate blood level to have the desired effect. Antianxiety/ sedative drug medications These drugs are used to treat anxiety disorders and sleep disorders. Barbiturates and benzodiazepines enhance the actions of the inhibitory neurotransmitter, gammaaminobutyruc acid. Agents in both classes are effective sedative-hypnotics , antianxiety agents, and anticonvulsants. (Olson, J., 2012). Antipsychotics These are medications that are used to treat psychotic episodes and serious mental disorders (BIO-316V Module Lecture, 2012). schizophrenic disorder is an example of a psychotic disorder that can be treated with an antipsychotic medication. Antiemetics These drugs treat unwellness and vomiting and help control motion sickness (Olson, J., 2012). Cardiovascular drugsAntihypertensives These include diuretics which reduce blood blackmail and edema by increasing urine production. (Olson, J., 2012). Antiadrenergics These medications increase blood pressure sensation by stimulating the mall and/or press peripheral blood vessels. (Olson, J., 2012). Vasodilators These drugs help lower ones blood pressure by dilating the blood vessels (Olson, J., 2012). Vasoconstrictors These help increase ones blood pressure by constricting the blood vessels (Olson, J., 2012). Anti-anginals Nitrates dilate large myocardial arteries to increase blood supply to theheart. They also reduce cardiac preload by reducing venous tone which leave behinds blood pooling in the periphery (Olson, J., 2012). Anti-arrhythmias These drugs influence cardiac conductivity properties and may revert an abnormal rhythm to sinus rhythm (Olson, J., 2012). Anticoagulants, antiplatelets, and thrombolyticsAnticoagulants inhibit coagulation, antiplatelets restrain platelet accretion and thrombolytics degrade clots that have already formed (Olson, J., 2012). All of these drugs need to be given carefully to rescind causing excessive bleeding. They should not be given t o patients with ulcers, patients who are pregnant, or those who are suffering from a hemorrhagic stroke (BIO-316V Module Lecture, 2012). Lipid Lowering Agents These drugs help one reduce blood cholesterol when diet and exercise control fail (Olson, J., 2012). Analgesic medicationsAnalgesic medications are commonly known as fuss relievers. Many are over-the-counter (OTC) drugs. Others are given to the patient by prescription for pain relief (BIO-316V Module Lecture, 2012). Narcotic medications stimulate central nervous system of rules receptors known as opioid receptors and produce a decrease in the perception of pain. An overdose of narcotics can result in suppression of the respiratory system, leading to respiratory arrest (BIO-316V Module Lecture, 2012). Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) alleviate pain associated with inflammation (e.g., Aleve). They are used to relieve arthritis and other joint pain. Acetaminophen is a common pain reliever that does not cause blee ding. It is ofttimes given instead of NSAIDs (BIO-316V Module Lecture, 2012). Antihistamines and Endocrine medicationsAntihistamine medications block the immune responses of itching, hives, and swelling caused by the release of histamines. These are available OTC (BIO-316V Module Lecture, 2012). Diabetes and hypo thyroidism are two glandular conditions that are oft observed by the health care professional. Antidiabetic medications are necessary for patients who cannot balance their blood cultivated cabbage and tissue sugar. Insulin is the medication prescribed for insulin-dependent diabetes (type-1 diabetes) (BIO-316V ModuleLecture, 2012). Hypothyroidism is controlled by common hormone preparations designed to enhance thyroid function.The most common of these is thyroxin (BIO-316V Module Lecture, 2012). Hyperthyroidism is typically controlled by a medication called methimazole and it inhibits sack of inorganic ace to organic iodine (Olson, J., 2012). Bronchodilators help open co nstricted airways in patients who have respiratory constriction such as asthma and/or COPD (Olson, J., 2012). Vasopressin is a drug which promotes reabsorption of irrigate in the distal tubules and collecting ducts of the kidneys and vasoconstricts blood vessels. Vasopressin and DDAVP are synthetic analogs of arginine vasopressin used to treat diabetes insipidus. (Olson, J., 2012). Desmopressin is used to treat acute epistaxis and GI hemorrhage and also used to maintain haemostasis during surgery in patients who have hemophilia A and Von Willebrands disease (Olson, J., 2012). Oxytocin induces contraction in the gravid uterus and promotes milk ejaculation from the post partum breast (Olson, J., 2012). Oral contraceptives help prevent pregnancy (Olson, J., 2012). CorticosteroidsThese include Hydrocortisone, Prednisone, Prednisolone, Triamcinolone, Dexamethasone, and Fludrocortisone. These medications are typically used for respiratory issues such as asthma, and a fewer of them car e also used as an anti-inflammatory agent to help reduce swelling and allow the patient to breathe better. Prednisone is the drug of choice for maintenance therapy of severe asthma. Prednisone doesnt solely help reduce swelling in the lungs however, it can be used for other inflammatory issues all over the body (Olson, J., 2012). Anti infective agentsAntibiotics are drugs used to fight infections caused by bacteria. As their forebode implies, antibiotics are anti-life agents as far as bacteria are c at one timerned (BIO-316V Module Lecture, 2012). Antifungal drugs are used to combat all sorts of fungal infections, from athletes foot to histoplasmosis. They are being used more often now in the combating of AIDS-related fungal infections (BIO-316V Module Lecture, 2012). Antiviral agents fight viral disease at the cellular level. Viruses enter into cells and propagate within them. Antibiotics have no effect on a virus once it has entered a cell. Antiviral agents are designed to inter fere with thereplication of viruses (BIO-316V Module Lecture, 2012). Chemotherapy AgentsChemotherapy is typically used to treat cancer. This is achieved by using a combination of drugs that are most toxic to the particular cancer cells of an soulfulness patient. They are very potent and could be harmful to the caregiver (BIO-316V Module Lecture, 2012).GI AgentsAntidiarrheals These drugs help control diarrhea amd most are sold OTC, although there are a few that can be prescribed and are more potent than the OTC drugs (Olson, J., 2012). Laxatives These drugs are the opposite of antidiarrheals, as they help a patient who is unable to have a bowel movement (Olson, J., 2012). Antacids provide symptomatic relief of stomachic acid irritation (Olson, J., 2012). Anti ulcer drugs help treat or prevent ulcers by all neutralizing gastric acid or preventing the production of acid (Olson, J., 2012). 3.What is chemotherapy and which diseases are treated this way?Chemotherapy by description is the combination of two or more drugs used to treat a disease (BIO-316V Module Lecture, 2012). roughly anticancer agents act by inhibiting cell proliferation by either damaging desoxyribonucleic acid or preventing DNA repair (Olson, J., 2012). Chemotherapeutic regimens often consist of several agents that have different mechanisms of action and minimize imbrication toxic effects (Olson, J., 2012). Most anticancer drugs cause lift marrow suppression which is why bone marrow sparing drugs are often included in combination regimens (OIson, J., 2012).Chemotherapy is used to treat cancer. 4.Give examples of how personal line of credit media are used to produce an image. Contrast studies provide some information that standard x-rays cannot. During a cable study, you get a dose of a oppose material that outlines, highlights, or fills in parts of the body so that they show up more clearly on an x-ray. The contrast material may be given by mouth, as an enema, as an injection,or through a catheter put into various tissues of the body. For most of these tests, the images can be captured either on x-ray film or by a computer (American genus Cancer Society, 2013). An image is produced on a radiograph when the content of iodine in the blood is sufficient toprevent the penetration of the photons emitted by the X-ray tube (BIO 316V Module 2 Lecture, 2012). 5.Compare ionic and non-ionic contrast media.Ionic contrast media carry the iodine to the organ that is to be visualized. In the chemical attachment of the iodine to the water molecule, constructive cations are produced as a side effect. Non-ionic does not mean that the contrast media contain no iodine rather, it means that non-ionic contrast media contain no positive cations to disrupt the balance of the blood plasma. The immune system does not recognize it as foreign matter and is usually not aroused (BIO 316V Module 2 Lecture, 2012).ReferencesAmerican Cancer Society, 2013. Retrieved on September 6, 2013 fromhttp// www.cancer.org/treatment/understandingyourdiagnosis/examsandtestdescriptions/imagingradiologytests/imaging-radiology-tests-xraysBIO-316V Module 2 Lecture, 2012. Grand canon University.Drug Classifications, 2013. Anthem Education. Retrieved on September 6, 2013 fromhttp//www.anthem.edu/pharmacy-technician-school/drug-classifications/