The Effect of Neurotransmission on Human Behavior

1. 2: Using one or more examples, explain effects of neurotransmission on human behavior: Our nervous systems consist of between 10 to 100 billion neurons; each of which making 13 trillion connections with each other through electrochemical messages that allow people to respond to stimuli, from the environment or from internal changes in a person’s body. The neurons send these electrochemical messages through neurotransmission.Electrical impulses traveling down the axon (body) of a neuron, instigates the release of neurotransmitters, which travel over the synapse, which is the gap between two neurons. Once the neurotransmitters cross the synapse, they go into receptor sites on the post-synaptic membrane of a neuron, and after having passed on the message, they are either broken down or reabsorbed by the terminal buttons of the neuron, in a process known as reuptake. Neurotransmission has been shown to affect a large range of human behaviors.Serotonin is a neurotransmitter that effects sleep, arousal levels, and emotion. In a 1999 study at Tokyo University, its effects were seen. Kasamatsu and Hirai conducted this study in order to examine the way that sensory deprivations affects the brain. They studied a group of monks going on a 72-hour pilgrimage without food or water. The monks endured the weather without shelter from the cold, and didn’t speak among themselves. Two thirds of the way through the pilgrimage, the hallucinations began, taking the shape of ancient ancestors, or just a presence at their side.Blood samples, taken immediately after the monks reported their hallucinations, were compared to blood samples taken prior to the pilgrimage, and showed increased serotonin levels. These increased serotonin levels activated the hypothalamus and the frontal cortex, causing the monk’s hallucinations. Kasamatsu and Hirai were able to conclude that sensory deprivation caused increase in serotonin levels, which altered the monks’ perce ption and behavior. Neurotransmitters, like serotonin, can play a large role in human behavior.However, it is considered reductionist to rely solely on them to explain human behavior; they only play a role and can’t be held fully responsible for behavior. Research and increased knowledge of neurotransmission has led to the development of drugs that can either simulate a neurotransmitter in the case of a deficiency, or block a receptor site if there are excessive neurotransmitters. Understanding how neurotransmitters can affect behavior has led to the development of these drugs, which have helped many people.

The Physics of a Truss Bridge

There is many reason that we need bridges in every day of our life, from sufficient means to pass over a roadway, waterway, railway, or other structure. You don’t even think about them because it takes no effort to get over them and they are just there for your use. So if you don’t think of them for everyday use I highly doubt that you would think of the physics that is involved in putting one together or the kind of force the bridge can actually take.I am going to show you the max force a truss bridge can take by demonstration it to you in class and also by trying to calculate it. I am also going to go over the many ways that truss bridges can fail and come to a tumbling crash. Before I get into the physics of the bridge you need to know what a truss bridge is and how it works. A truss is a structure composed of members connected together to form a rigid framework. Members are the load-carrying components of a structure. In most trusses, members are arranged in interco nnected triangles, as shown below.Because of this configuration, truss members carry load primarily in tension and compression. Because trusses are very strong for their weight, they are often used to span long distances. They have been used extensively in bridges since the early 19th century; however, truss bridges have become somewhat less common in recent years. Today trusses are often used in the roofs of buildings and stadiums, in towers, construction cranes, and many similar structures and machines. An easy way to understand how a truss bridge works is to use a nutcracker and a sting tied to the ends of the nutcracker.So even if you push down on the nutcracker it will not move or slide on the table. This is because the nutcracker is in equilibrium. I am going to show you a little of a harder way of calculating it with three triangles that are in the shape of a truss bridge so you can understand how the bridge works 400N 800N A B C D E 2m 500 N 700 N Sum of torques = (1m) (-400 N) + (3m) (-800N) + (4m) (E) =0 E= 700N Sum of forces = Ay +E -400N- 800N Ay = 500N Now that we know how the forces are laid out, let’s take a look at what is happening at point A.Remember that all forces are in equilibrium, so they must add up to zero. 500N 60Â ° A T Ac T AB Sum of Fx = Tac + Tab Cos 60 =0 Sum of Fy = Tab sin 60 +500N = 0 Solving for the two above equation we get Tab = -577 N Tac = 289 N When you apply external loads to a structure, external reactions occur at the supports. But internal forces are also developed within each structural member. In a truss, these internal member forces will always be either tension or compression. A member in tension usually stretches, like a rubber band because the tension force tends to make a member longer.This is the opposite for compression. When a member is in compression it is usually being squashed, like squashing a block of foam between your hands. B 289 N 289 N 577 N TAB = -577 N TAC = 289 N B A A 577 N The negative force means that there is a compression force and a positive force means that there is a tension force. Now let’s take a look at point B. 700 N 500 N 2m E D C B A 800N 400N 577 N B 60Â ° TBC TBD 400 N Sum of FX= TBD + TBC Cos 60 +577 Cos 60 = 0 Sum of FY = -400 N + 577 Sin 60 – TBC Sin 60 = 0Once again, solving the two equations TBC = 115 N and TBD = -346 N If we calculated the rest of the forces acting on the various points of out truss, we will see that there is mixture of both compression and tension forces and that these forces are spread out across the truss. When I am going to test the maximum force of my paper truss bridge, I have calculated that it should hold 5 kilograms with no problems and probably will even get up to 10 kilograms. My bridge weighs about 55 grams so my bridge should have a strength-to-weight ratio of over 90, which is very good and if I can get it to hold 10 kilograms it will be wonderful.Once we hit the maximum load we are going to see my bridge come to a crashing end. My crash will be due to over loading, but there is many more reason why bridges come to crashing ends. Some of the more common ones are overloading, collisions that cause damage to the bridge, poor construction, and wear and tear. There are many other things that could make a bridge fail but they get particular, like a bolt in a joint rusting out causing the whole structure to become unsound. Overall we have learned the physics that it takes to keep truss bridges stands, which is a lot.We also came to understand that there is a lot of tension and compression in a truss bridge and that it is a key component of the bridge even though you can’t really see it happening. Plus how bridges will eventually come to a crashing end and what cause them too and hopefully that what we will see happen to my bridge when I demonstrate it in class.Bibliography Boon, Garrett. Model Bridge design. 2010. 30 11 2010 . Britannica, Encyclopeadia. truss bridge. 2010. 31 12 2010 . Buzzle. com intelligent life on the web. 2009. 31 11 2010 . Donan Engineering. 2010. 29 11 2010 . Serway, vuille. College Physics. belmont, CA: brooks/cole, 2009.

Influence of Sports Science Disciplines on Gymnastics Essay

Influence of Sports Science Disciplines on Gymnastics - Essay Example Gymnasts need to consider the issue or factor of rotation as one of the elements of the achievement of performance success in gymnastics. The success in gymnastics has a direct relationship to the ability of the gymnast or athlete to somersault, twist, and illustrate the potentiality of combing both elements.  Consequently, the ability and potentiality of the athlete to execute these actions is largely the function of the technique to generate or develop substantial and sufficient angular momentum in the course of the take-off. During this process, it is ideal to utilize or exploit the momentum conversation principle, while participating in the sporting activities. In addition, it is vital to utilize the essence that the ‘total’ angular momentum consists of the sum of the angular momentum in relation to success the segments of the athlete. Third, it is critical for the athlete to exploit the potentiality of the angular momentum to reflect the product of the moment in r elation to inertia, as well as the angular velocity. Proper application of these ‘facts’ are essential for the achievement of success by gymnasts. The approaches or application of the facts enable gymnasts to enhance their abilities in the course of generating twists while transferring the angular momentum from one body part or axis to another. Similarly, the gymnasts have the ability and potentiality to increase, as well as decrease the rate of rotation with reference to the alteration of the body configuration.

Steamboal Bill. Jr Movie Review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Steamboal Bill. Jr - Movie Review Example This movie is a silent comedy thriller produced in 1928 by Charles Reisner featuring Buster Keaton and he has written the story along with Carl Harbaugh. It is a story about William Canfield (Steamboat Bill) who is a captain owning ship and is awaiting his son to come and join his business who has finished his graduation. But to his dismay, his son arrives with his lover who is the daughter of his business rival King. Steamboat gets jailed for misconduct and his son tries to save him from jail but end up in the middle of the cyclone storm. The storm strikes down building and the wind buffet Steamboat bill Jr. He takes shelter under a tree and it gets uprooted and he land up at the waterfront. Then he gets chance to show his manlihood and ends the rivalry between William and King and save all of them from the accident. The story has a theme of rivalry and triumph of a son. The story has a focus on the rivalry between Canfield and King and which led both the people in trouble. This is also the reason why Canfield hesitates for the marriage between his son and lover. The other theme being the delicate triumph of son over his father where he saves his father and his rival from an accident. It is good to see that the movie has lush scenery which makes the movie a pleasant watch. The movie has a good measure of sympathy and suspense. The different episodes of the movie are depicted discreetly and this enhances the drama of the movie. The special effects of the movie are note worthy as the picturization of storm was technically flawless. It was realistic and added to the technical quality of the movie. The stunts and special effects were inventive and wildly inventive. The Keaton played as a good protagonist with his athletic expression and comedic physicality. Keaton’s stunt shots are immortal .The movie had romance, action and humor. The camera angles of the movie were interesting and there was an innovative

The Globalization of Religion in Japan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4250 words

The Globalization of Religion in Japan - Essay Example If the same criterion is applied to globalization we will realize that it has both been a blessing and a curse. It is up to the specific economy and the country to determine what route it wants to take with regard to globalization. Most importantly, however, one should keep in mind that it isn’t entirely in our hands whether we want globalization to occur in our part of the world. With the advent of new information technologies and the internet there is hardly any part in the world that has been left unaffected by globalization. We cannot essentially cage ourselves or lock our people and our economy within four walls, like Japan earlier did. That time has come and gone. Just the way the Japanese realized the merits of globalization and the good that it can reap for not only its economy, but also its social and political stature on the international front, other countries that are as yet hesitant in the face of growing globalization could do well to learn from this example. It won’t do anyone much good to sit around trying to determine what could have been and what has happened. Instead of looking back nostalgically at the past we should look forward to what situations are facing us and try to combat them in the best manner possible. No one can achieve a semblance of greatness without working for it; same holds true for individuals and nations. Globalization’s importance can furthermore be judged by taking into account the way many other countries have been able to benefit from. If we’re just focusing on Japan, it won’t be false to say that since Japan’s welcome of globalization within its region the nation’s prestige has been on the rise.

CNN International and Al-Jazeera Arabic Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

CNN International and Al-Jazeera Arabic - Essay Example CNN International started transmissions on January 1, 1984 at first broadcasting to American business travelers in hotels. The huge bulk of the network's programming primitively consisted of simulcasts of the two domestic CNN channels, CNN/US and Headline News. However, the quantity of news programming created by CNN International especially for international viewers significantly enhanced, in 1990, which came forth as an internationally oriented news channel with staff members of various national backgrounds. On July 4, 1997, CNN International was awarded the Liberty Medal and in accepting the medal on behalf of the network, Ted Turner said: "My idea was, we're just going to give people the facts†¦We didn't have to show liberty and democracy as good, and show socialism or totalitarianism as bad. If we just showed them both the way they were†¦clearly everybody's going to choose liberty and democracy." ... ates was launched on January 11, 2009 and CNN International adjusted half an hour in its schedule with a new evening prime program for the Middle East viewers â€Å"Prism†. From January till September 2009, CNN International conformed more programs that went pitched to a primetime European audience with a few titled after CNN International charismas especially the interview program Amanpour. The channel plunged a new tagline "Go Beyond Borders", accenting the international view that gives the information in this string and the plurality of the audiences and also referring to the various platforms to broadcast their contents, along with a new logo on September 21, 2009. The Channel amalgamated its general newscasts (CNN Today, Your World Today, World News, World News Europe and World News Asia) into a single newscast entitled World Report. CNN International has launched new programs for evening-prime and meliorated its schedule from 2010. The Domestic CNN has increased the CNN International schedule by adding the new talk show program â€Å"Piers Morgan Tonight† in 2011. Today, CNN International has six variants namely: CNN International Europe/Middle East/Africa, based in London, England, United Kingdom; CNN International Latin America based in Atlanta, Georgia, USA; CNN International North America based in Atlanta, Georgia, USA; CNN International Asia Pacific based in Hong Kong SAR, China; CNN International South Asia based in Hong Kong SAR, China; and CNN International Middle East, based in Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.3 Al-Jazeera Owned by the state of Qatar and headquartered in Doha, Qatar, Al Jazeera is an independent broadcaster through the Qatar Media Corporation. Al Jazeera was initially launched as an Arabic news and current affairs satellite TV channel and

Personal Philosophy of Success Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Personal Philosophy of Success - Essay Example After the accomplishment of all activities in plan, an individual can therefore count success by enjoying all what he/she has accomplished. In order to achieve success, an individual must come up with some strategies and plans. These strategies act as guidelines towards the achievement of success. Education is one of the major keys to success. Getting educated provides us with an opportunity to make critical decisions about our lives. It helps us to interact with different people and learn from each other. Education, to a great extend helps us, realize, accept and take full responsibilities of our lives (Rohn and Vic 34). My first strategy of success is to accept and take my responsibility in school. The realization of my responsibilities as a college student will become a good channel to my success. There are several activities that require special attentions within the school. Many of the activities performed in school are full determinants of my success. Reading extensively is my responsibility. This will give me a broader thinking that will enable me to handle difficult situations. It is my responsibility to make adequate preparations for my exams. This includes taking much time to study and revise for my exams. This will enable me to handle assignments with little difficulty and submit them in good time. My second strategy is on time management. In order to be successful in my collage life, I must manage my time properly. In order to achieve this, I will require preparing a timetable for my activities whereby.

Cross Cultural Transitions Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

Cross Cultural Transitions - Research Paper Example Le Ly Hayslip then made up her mind to divert all her energy towards her career, to establish a restaurant and to supervise all the rental properties in her possession. After she had accumulated her assets, she made up her mind to support her own native land using the wealth she had acquired. She managed to set up medical clinics after establishing a foundation that was known as the east meets the west. In addition, Hayslip was determined to end the existing hatred and to heal wounds that had resulted from the war. The earlier war completely separated Hayslip whole family. One of her brothers lost touch with the family for 20 years after fleeing to Hanoi. Another brother lost his life in a landmine. Her father, on the other hand, received great pressure from the Viet Cong. They wanted him to take the initiative to persuade her daughter Hayslip to become a saboteur.In trying to understand, the real meaning of culture shock our reference mainly is the life and experiences of Le Ly Hays lip during her childhood and the early adulthood stages. She was forced by the then existing hostility and insecurity in her own homeland, Vietnam to seek for safety in different countries. In trying to link up the transition experienced by Le Ly Hayslip, culture shock meaning has to be well understood. Culture shock is the difficulty experienced by individuals when they are forced by certain circumstances to adjust to another culture that varies from that in their native land.... Out this marriage, Le Ly Hayslip bore a second son. Her main objective was to get an opportunity to move to America and she did a few years later. Her husband died after they had relocated to America and she remarried Dennis Hayslip in spite him being an alcoholic and abusive. Their marriage took place after Dennis Hayslip had assisted Le Ly’s sister to flee from Vietnam. However, after formalizing their union, their differences escalated and Hayslip filed for a divorce. Their marriage ended after the death of Dennis through carbon monoxide poisoning. Le Ly Hayslip then made up her mind to divert all her energy towards her career, to establish a restaurant and to supervise all the rental properties in her possession. After she had accumulated her assets, she made up her mind to support her own native land using the wealth she had acquired. She managed to set up medical clinics after establishing a foundation that was known as the east meets the west. In addition, Hayslip was d etermined to end the existing hatred and to heal wounds that had resulted from the war. The earlier war completely separated Hayslip whole family. One of her brothers lost touch with the family for 20 years after fleeing to Hanoi. Another brother lost his life in a land mine. Her father on the other hand, received great pressure from the Viet Cong. They wanted him to take the initiative to persuade her daughter Hayslip to become a saboteur. Hayslip father however, opted to commit suicide instead of yielding into the pressure. In trying to understand, the real meaning of culture shock our reference mainly is the life and experiences of Le Ly Hayslip during her childhood and the early adulthood stages. She was forced by the then existing hostility and

Medicine is the biggest epidemic in our time’ was Ivan Illich a prophet or a rumor monger Essay Example for Free

Medicine is the biggest epidemic in our time’ was Ivan Illich a prophet or a rumor monger Essay Ivan Illich was an Austrian philosopher, very popular for his of contribution of theories on the concept of medicalization. He has published many books on medicalization and has presented to a wider public the notion of iatrogenic disease. Medicine is a major therapy tool in social life and without proper medication human life could be highly constrained by many diseases surrounding it. Ivan Illich has had a contribution in the field of medicalization as a philosopher by constructing theories that various medics have followed in their practice. Iatrogenesis is a term that is used to refer an illness that come from medical activity and outweighs any positive benefit of medicine. Iatrogenesis was introduced into social science by Illich. According to Illich, iatrogenesis had adverse effects on the industrial society as it enhanced the corruption, incapacitated individuals and limited freedom in an industrial set up. Illich outlined three major types of iatrogenesis, these are; clinical, social and cultural iatrogenesis. Illich has theorized various ideas in medicalization and society. This essay will point out some theories that highlight whether Illich was a prophet or a rumormonger in society and show some evidence based on his approaches in medicalization. The essay will as well focus on the notion of iatrogenesis and statistics that has been conducted in the UK based on statistics. Finally, the essay will show some assumptions of Illich on medicalization and also how iatrogenesis can be prevented in society. According to statistics in the UK, it indicates that the estimation of 215,000 deaths every year have been caused by iatrogenic, whereby cancer and the heart disease are seen to be causing more deaths in every year(Shaffer, Philips, Enzer, 2009, p.241). Iatrogenic effects in several cases are fully defined and can be recognized easily, for instance those complications that need a surgical procedure. However, the less obvious complications need significant investigation to recognize, such as difficult drug interactions. Ivan Illich who was a researcher and a multilingual prolific writer on issues related to society and medicine attributed his concepts of medicalization and proposed his views towards the modern medicine in the society. Illich argued that the notion of medicine had deprived individuals and society of their capacity to cope with sickness and death (Basford, Lynn Oliver Slevin, 2003, p.122). Therefore, based on Illich, iatrogenesis cannot be understood unless it is seen specifically medical manifestation of particular counter productivity. Illich therefore points out main three levels of iatrogenesis. The first level is the clinical iatrogenesis, this whereby the injury is depicted to the patients by unproductive, toxic and insecure treatment to the patients. The second level is the social iatrogenesis, which comes as a result of medicalization of life, and thirdly cultural iatrogenesis, which comes as a result of the destruction of traditional ways of dealing with and making sense of death, pain and illness. Based on the evidence in his works of medicine described for over twenty years, it is noted that Illich was not a rumormonger, but a philosophical prophet, based on his predictions and research on the concept of iatrogenesis. Ivan Illich has traced contemporary idea of the issue of epidemic in the societal context and this notion has greatly focused on the main assumptions that lead to that epidemic. Based on his ideas, he argued on the progressing views on medicine, there is an empowerment model that has evolved out of the realization of epidemic and, therefore, patients cannot be forced to follow a lifestyle dictated by others towards the problem of medicalization. Based on Ivan Illichs theories on his perspectives towards natural health, medicine undermines health of individuals not only based directly on aggression, but also over the impact of its social organization on the milieu. On that context, when the medical damage to the health of an individual is produced based on the sociopolitical mode of transmission. Thus, according to Illich, social iatrogenesis is designated in all impairments on regard to health that specifically to those socio-economic revolutions which have been made pretty, probable, or essential by the formal shape health care has taken (Kazer, 2008, p.209). Thus, based on his views towards the medicalization, the assumptions that erupt prevail that Illich was one person in the society who was seen as a prophet. Most people considered his ideas more especially his aspects on the iatrogenesis and through his open minded on the society, they regard his views to be those of a prophet. The iatrogenic death has become the third leading cause of death in the UK, surpassing the death by stroke. Based on different sources indicate that, between 200,000 and 250, 000 people are reported to die each year from Adverse Drug Reactions (ADR) in the hospital setting (Kazer, 2008, p.289). On the same note, it is seen that deaths by ADRs kills over five times as the illegal combined in every year and that is the most conservative estimate that is outlined. Thus, the prescription drug Vioxx kills an estimate of 60,00 people by cardiac arrest alone and this figure does not reflect and account for any other fatal side effects such as the internal bleeding. In most cases, medicine undermines health and this is not only based on direct aggression against individuals but it has also an impact on the social organization on the total milieu. Therefore, medical damage to the individual health is enacted by the social iatrogenesis. This defines all the deficiencies that subdue to health a nd are due precisely to those socio-economic revolutions that have been made impressive, possible by the established shape health care. Iatrogenesis has many dimensions as per Ivan Illich’s concept. The undesirable side-effects of approved, mistaken, callous or contra-indicated technical contacts with the medical system represent only first level of pathogenic medicine. The belief of people that they cannot cope with illness without modern medicines reinforces and lays the ground for iatrogenesis by surrendering themselves to the doctors. According to Illich, he illustrates that the social iatrogenesis is not yet acknowledged as a collective etiology of sickness. He outlines that the diagnosis often serves as a means of turning political grievances besides the stress of growth into needs for more remedies that are just more of its expensive and demanding outputs, the industrial system would lose one of its major defenses. On the same note, responsiveness of the extent to which iatrogenic ill health is politically-communicated would shake the basics of medical power much more deeply than any catalogue of medicines technical faults. Based on this fact, his works and ideas portray the assumption of his research and these shows that he was not a rumourmonger but can be seen as a prophet in several aspects since his predictions indicated the notion of reality. Iatrogenesis designates a condition of illness, disease, injury or hostile health brought upon a patient as an indirect or direct result of medical diagnosis or cure. Therefore, when iatrogenesis gets into pain, there are numerous common varieties of iatrogenesis, that subsidize to the on-set of symptoms, as well as the dissemination and worsening of existing conditions. Acute postoperative pain is followed by insistent pain in 10-50% of individuals after mutual operations, such as breast and thoracic surgery, groin hernia repair, and coronary artery bypass surgery leg amputation (Gould, Brooker Gould, 2008, p.167). Iatrogenic complications are very common most people who are affected are the elderly than the young patients. These complications include the adverse effects as the interactions, falls, nosocomial infections, Pressure ulcers and other relevant complications to surgery, however, prevention is often possible, (Odea Erikson, 2010, p.341). For example, the large percentage t hat is affected is the men. The statistics indicate that women live longer than women, however, the spend most of their lives with different disparities. The smoking rates between women in UK were slightly low compared to men, thus women smoke 25.1% while men 31.2%. The initial step in stoppage is to categorize patients at high risk in order to know the way forward in which to help that particular individual. Risk factors may include the following. Prevention is the most crucial factor and determining the effective way to prevent such assumption is to overlook on that factors that contribute to such infections. After full recognition of that factors, focusing on the proper measures that should be taken into consideration to avoid those elements that affect the situation (Miller, 2013, p.178). Thus, interventions that can prevent iatrogenic complications may include the following: addressing proper medication to the patient by relying on primary evidence. In conclusion, Illich can be considered a prophet and not a rumourmonger. A prophet according to religion is a person who can tell about the future. This declaration has evolved from a number of his assumptions on medicine and his approaches towards the medicalization that are entirely based on his research of over twenty years. For instance, in UK there are several individuals who die of diseases linked to the effect of iatrogenesis in every year. This aspect is seen to affect the elderly people more than the young. Illichs views on medicalization are shown to be very significant to the society as they enlightened individuals to be aware of some aspects that lead to iatrogenesis. With the evidence on health system, his philosophies are examined to be very significant in society since they mainly focused on the main areas that analyze medicalization. His predictions in several aspects support his research on the health systems in society and this fully defines him as a prophet. It ha s been documented that no substantial addition to life expectancy or the quality of life critically ill patients has been achieved by high tech cost medical technology. As a contrast, there are many medical interventions, which are simple, cheap and often without any need of medicine yet are quite effective. However, such simple remedies are often neglect or ignored altogether. medicalization encourages our dependence on professional care, and on medical drugs. References Basford, L. Oliver S. 2003. Theory and Practice of Nursing: An Integrated Approach to Patient Care. Cheltenham, U.K: Nelson Thornes. Gould, D., Brooker, C., Gould, D. 2008. Infection prevention and control: applied microbiology for healthcare. Basingstoke [England], Palgrave Macmillan. Kazer, M. W. 2008. Essentials of gerontological nursing. New York, Springer. Miller, A. B. 2013. Epidemiologic studies in cancer prevention and screening. New York, NY, Springer. ODea, J. A., Eriksen, M. P. 2010.Childhood obesity prevention: international research, controversies, and interventions. Oxford [U.K], Oxford University Press. Shaffer, D., Philips, I., Enzer, N. B. 2009.Prevention of mental disorders, alcohol, and other drug use in children and adolescents. Rockville, Md. (5600 Fishers Lane, Rockville 20857), The Office. Source document

Online Rerservation System Essay Example for Free

Online Rerservation System Essay Online hotel or resort reservations are becoming a very popular method for booking hotel or resort rooms. Travelers can book rooms from home by using online security to protect their privacy and financial information and by using several online travel agents to compare prices and facilities at different hotels. 1 Hotel or resort reservations systems, commonly known as Online Reservation System (ORS) is a computerized system that stores and distributes information of a hotel, resort, or other lodging facilities. It is an assistant for hoteliers to manage all of their online marketing and sales, where they can upload their rates and availabilities to be seen by all sales channels that are using an ORS. Sales channels may include conventional travel agencies as well as online travel agencies. A hotelier using an online reservation system easens his or her tasks for online distribution, because an ORS does everything to distribute hotel information to the sales channels instead of the hoteliers.2 Here in the Philippines, the biggest hotels and resorts are using the same technology. But, in some far flung provinces, some hotels and resorts are still using manual reservation system. They use signages and some print advertisements for their marketing; and log books and some paperworks to record customers’ data. One of these establishments is the Double Mother’s Mayon Spring Resort which is located in Barangay Buyuan, Legazpi City. It was established by Lilian Pareja, a native of Albay Province, on March 8, 2008. She built the resort to fulfill her dreams of having one. Double Mother’s Mayon Sprong Resort has full amenities like: 15 rooms with toilet and bathrooms, all are airconditioned; 21 cottages; a convention hall for special occassions, and can accommodate up to250 persons;2 swimming pools; slides; restaurant with videoke; and a rent-a-car. The resort is one of the most affordable resorts in the province yet has a quaility of a five star place. The room price range from P 750.00 to P 5,000.00 per 24 hours of stay. The cottages are priced P 300.00 a day. And, the package program of their convention hall is P 25,000.00, with all the amenities included. The resort has varied of customers: from locals to foreigners. The main attractions of the resort are the full view of Mayon Volcano and the spring water coming from it. Tourists came in the province all year round. For 2 years that the resort was created, all transactions were made manually by the front desk personnel. After the reseachers meeting with the manager and talked about this study and its benefits to the resort, they immediately agreed as thevenue for the study. The resort understands â€Å"the role of information systems and technologies in company’s management and daily operations has been widely acknowledge and assessed as positive†.3 Research has shown the importance and unprecedented growth potential of e-commerce and its role as a new electronic distribution channel.4 It has been also well agreed in the literature that establishing an online presence and adopting e-commerce business models increases company’s competetiveness, profitability, and efficiency. Statement of the Problem The Double Mother’s Mayon Spring Resort has no online presence and computerized system for their establishment. All their marketing and transactions are made manually, and because of this, it costs them time, money, and lack of customers. The researchers will find ways to answer the following questions: 1. How to attract tourists from other provinces and countries? 2. How to launch a marketing campaign that is low in cost? 3. How to provide aswers to the questions of would-be-customers without lifting a phone or having a face-to-face contact? 4. How and where to keep files accurately and effeciently with confidentiality? 5. How to retreive files and print reports easily?  6. Will it be possible to easily monitor the sales on daily, weekly, or monthly basis? 7. How to compute the bill of the customers accurately? Objectives of the Study This study aims to solve the current problems of Double Mother’s Mayon Spring Resort when it comes to Marketing/Advertisement and Management system. The researchers aim to achieve objectives, such as: 1. To attract tourists from other provinces and countries by developing and launching a program or website for information and online presence. 2. To launch a low cost marketing and advertisement campaigns that reaches a wide audience by having an online information and connected with other websites and government agencies connected with hospitality industry. 3. To provide answers to would-be-touristsby having a detailed Frequently Asked Questions coulumn on the resort’s website. 4. To keep files secured, accurate, and efficient by developing a database with passwords that only the administration and owners knows. 5. To retreive files and reports easily and automatically. 6. To save money and time for efficient and accurate transactions. Scope and Delimitation The study will provide answers to the problems of Double Mother’s Mayon Spring Resort when it comes to marketing and effectively managing the business. This will limit the study on the online presence and reservation system. Significance of the Study This study is important to all stakeholders, to the business and to the hospitality industry. 1. The study will make the business of resort thrive for installation of new system and technologies for doing marketing and management. 2. It will be a great help for the employees of Double Mother’s Mayon Spring Resort because it will make their work easier and efficient. 3. There will be less paperwork and their will be less time consumed. 4. The management can manned their manpower to do other things rather than do the time consuming procedures of traditional marketing and reservation system. 5. Assessing the customer’s record will also be easier, faster, more precise and accurate. 6. It will also make the establishment more efficient in terms of providing faster and more efficient quality service. 7. The tourists will have an option of reserving a room or package with the resort’s online presence. 8. The would-be-customers can save time, energy, and money in looking for the right resort or service. 9. This will benefit students and future researchers to serve as reference in conducting researches of similar nature and topic. 10. This will also help the researchers to widen their knowledge and provide them personal experience as they make and work on this study.

The Issues At Daimler Benz Ag Management Essay

The Issues At Daimler Benz Ag Management Essay Daimler AG is one of the worlds automotive companies. It distributes into Mercedes Benz Cars, Daimler Trucks, Mercedes Benz Vans, Daimler Buses and Daimler Financial Services. The Daimler Group is one of the biggest producer of premium cars and the worlds biggest manufacturer of commercial vehicles with a global reach. (Daimler, 2011) Daimlers corporate goal is to achieve stainable profitable growth and to increase the value of the company. Daimler aims to be the worlds leading automotive companies, intend to inspire customer with the brands, products and services and strive to occupy the leading for sustainable drive systems. (Daimler, 2011) Figure 1 is shown the Daimler Target System. 1.2 History Daimler AG has 125 years history. Gottlieb Daimler and Carl Benz were the pioneers of the automobile manufacture in the 19th century. After the First World War, there was a world economic crisis. The war caused a great depression for the world economy. It was a great challenge for Daimler-Benz. In 1937, Daimler-Benz AG started to produce armament items and aircraft engines. It was necessary to do reconstruction after the war damage in 1945. In 1949 to 1960, Daimler-Benz AG succeeded in regaining the position in the automobile industry. In 1960s and 1970s, Daimler-Benz defended an outstanding position in international motor vehicle markets. In the end of 1970s, Daimler-Benz assessed cautiously with the oil crisis and new Asian competitors. Since 1995, new strategic realignment concentrated on transport and services. The global economic crisis affected Daimler-Benz deeply in the end of 2008. (Daimler, 2011) 2. Issue Identified The issue is the merger between Daimler-Benz AG and the American automobile manufacturer Chrysler Corporation, but the near decade merger was finished by DaimlerChrysler AG sold 80.1% stake in 2007. 2.1 The Reason of choosing this issue Since Daimler and Chrysler located in different countries that are Germany and United States respectively. Both of them have their own culture. It is cross-culture. Through the merger between Daimler and Chrysler, I find out that the culture is one of the factor should be considered when two companies come from different countries. 2.2 Brief description of the issue In 1998, there was merger between Daimler-Benz AG of Germany and Chrysler Corporation of the United States (BBC News, 1998). On 6 May 1998, the merger agreement between Daimler-Benz AG and Chrysler Corporation was signed in London. On 7 May, they announced the merger to the worldwide and the new company called DaimlerChrysler AG. (Sheltom, Hall and Darling, 2003) DaimlerChrysler became the worlds fifth largest car make after merger. Mr Schrempp described the merger as a marriage made in heaven. Also, the new combined management had promised that there will be no plant-closures or lay-offs after merger. (BBC News, 1998) In 2002, DaimlerChrysler implemented a restructuring program that aims to bring it struggling Chrysler division back into the black by 2003. (BBC News, 2002) In 2006, DaimlerChrysler ordered to pay former Daimler-Benz shareholders about 232m euros to settle a dispute over its 1998 creation. This was not the first time that DaimlerChrysler had been sued over its establishment. (BBC News, 2006) Also, in 2006, the company brought unwelcome information to investors by revealing that Chrysler was losing money. This year, Chrysler set to clock up $1bn losses (BBC News, 2006) In 2007, there was deeply concerned about its poor performance, and the shareholders were pressuring the company to sell it. (BBC News, 2007a) In 2007, the German-US firm paid 5.5bn euros to buy 80.1%, much less than the $36bn paid for Chryslers 1998 merger with Daimler-Benz. (BBC News, 2007b) In 1998, Daimler Chairman Juergen Schrempp promised a merger of equals. But it wasnt long before Chrysler executives complained the bullheaded Germans would not listen to the Americans. The relationship began to fall quickly. Schrempp said that if he had been honest with the Americans about German dominance before the merger, they never would have made a deal. (abc News, 2010) Culture differences were blamed for the failure of DaimlerChrysler. This is like citing irreconcilable differences. DaimlerChryslers incapability to combine the company cultures was one of the reasons of failure. (Mann, 2007) 3. Analysis of situation 3.1 The Reason of using this model I will use Hofstedes culture different model to analyze this issue. It is because Hofstedes culture different model can have a comparison between these two countries. Also, Hofstede collected over 116,000 people in 50 countrys research (Deresky, 2003) about organizational behavior. This data makes the model more believable. Also, Hofstede used constructed scaled indices to rank each of the nation within the dimension based on cultural differences (Signorini, Wiesemes and Murphy, 2009) 3.2 Hofstedes culture different model Hofstedes culture different model is a framework that understand how basic values underlie organizational behavior. Hofstede proposed four value dimensions, they are power distance, uncertainty avoidance, individualism and masculinity (Deresky, 2003). First, the value dimensions is power distance, it is the level of acceptance by a society of the unequal distribution of power in organizations. High power distance that employees accept the bosss authority is larger than themselves in the hierarchy and they seldom bypass the chain of command. The example of high power distance is Philippines. On the other hand, low power distance is that boss and employees are having equal power, and the relationship between boss and employees are more harmony and cooperation, such as Austria. (Deresky, 2003) For the second dimension, it is uncertainty avoidance that refers to the extent to which people feel threatened by ambiguity in the social. High level of uncertainty avoidance causes that people tend to have strict laws and procedures, also have a strong sense of nationalism. In business side, the formal rules and procedures were designed to provide more security and greater career stability. Japan is the example of high level of uncertainty avoidance. However, low level of uncertainty avoidance causes that the nationalism is less decided and protests is allowed, and then the company is less structured and less formal. United States is one of the low level of uncertainty avoidance. (Deresky, 2003) The third value dimension is individualism. It refers to the tendency of people to look after themselves and their family and to ignore the need of society. Individualism is that achievement and democracy are highly valued. The relationship is independence between individual and organizations, the instance of individualism is United States. Collectivism that there is a strong belief in group decisions, believe the group more than the individual. Japan is the one of countries of collectivism. (Deresky, 2003) Fourth, masculinity is the degree of masculine values that assertiveness, materialism and lack of concern for other. Masculine culture considers cooperation more than individualistic. High masculine societies that one finds great job stress and organizational interests generally intrude on employees private lives. The example of highly masculine societies is Japan. On the other hand, counties with low masculinity that cause less conflict and job stress and reduce the need for assertiveness, such as Switzerland. (Deresky, 2003) The fifth dimension is the short-term orientation and long-term orientation, it is Hofstede added later. Long-term orientation is fostering virtues about future rewards. Short-term orientation is fostering virtues about the past and present. (Signorini, et al 2009) 3.3 Analysis of the issue Power distance In term of power distance, larger power distance countries are having more privileges for high level status, small power distance countries are preferred egalitarian (Signorini et al., 2009). According to Figure 2, the power distances score of Germany and United States is 35 and 40 respectively. Their result based on Hofstedes analysis is nearly, the level of accept unequal distribution of power in organization is low (Schneider and Barsoux, 2003). About Daimler organization, they embraced formality and hierarchy that mean the subordinates prefer to listen superior. Also, the employee in Daimler needed to follow the hierarchy such as decision making process. Employee needs to follow the formal channel, it shown the manager relies on formal rule. (Badrtalei and Bates, 2007) Daimler-Benz had a more traditional way in management style, they used top-down management style (Anonymous, 2004). German managers preferred autocratic style in leadership style. German employees are obedient to m anagers and follow them unquestioningly expect give the employee specific order, that mean employee had high dependence. (Sheltom et al., 2003) Based on the above information, Daimler belongs the high power distance and became the tall organization pyramids. About Chrysler, they were ignored barriers and promoted cross-functional teams that favored free-form discussions and casual repartee that the subordinates wanted to be discussed to superior. Also, the executives allowed mid-level manager to go forward their own opinion. (Badrtalei et al., 2007) In term of management style, Chrysler had a reputation for having more freewheeling, open culture (Anonymous, 2004). Regard to the leadership, their employees expect to be treated accordingly that mean the employees enjoy the equal right. In organization, employees can challenge their manager that employees needed for low dependence. (Shelton et al., 2003) The organization pyramids of Chrysler are flatter than Daimler. Uncertainty avoidance Based on Figure 2, the score of Germany is 65 and United States is 46. It shown that German was unhappiness with ambiguous situations and people wanted more direction and less change and the ambiguous situation may develop anxiety or stress. Because little direction and considerable uncertainty would made work less effectively in the company, they wrote some rules to cover the situation. On the other hand, United States was more willing to take risk and much less resistant to change. (Brooks, 2003) In Daimler Organization, there was suit-and-tie dress code and the employees should respect their titles and proper names. About decision making process, Daimler set up the formal channel and followed the hierarchy and complex decision-making processes. (Badrtalei et al., 2007) Germans analyzed a problem need to use great detail, find a solution, then discussed with the partners to make a decision (Dorothee, 1999). It shown that Daimler needs laws and rules when manages the organization. Chryslers employees favored open collars and they could bring out their ideas freely (Badrtalei et al., 2007). It shown they were less need for rule. Based on the score of uncertainty avoidance, United States is lower than Germany. The result fitted in the Daimler and Chrysler, because Daimler management preferred more to follow the rule and formal. Conversely, Chrysler was more casual management style that less stress and relax. When American discussed the problem, they created the solution during the discussion, not follow the information. (Dorothee, 1999) Individualism versus Collectivism In individualist nations, the individual is more independent in the group. In collectivist nations, the groups interest is more important that individuals interest. (Signorini et al., 2009) According to Figure 2, the result of Germany and United States is 67 and 91 respectively. United States is the highest score in the world. Hofstede found that American culture tend more individualistic and Asian cultures tend to be much more collective. (Brooks, 2003) Germans preferred a tightly knit social framework in which individuals look after one another and protect their members interests. Luthans (1998) said that Geramns are less individualistic than people in the USA. (Shelton et al., 2003) That reflected Germans perform best in in-groups. Also, Germans were more respectful of title, age and background connections, for example culture accords status based on gender, age or social connections. (Shelton et al., 2003) The executives of Daimler had larger staffs and fatter expense accounts (B adrtalei et al., 2007), the obligations of group were important than self. On the other hands, Chrysler is the American based company, so their culture was affected by American culture. USAs companies were tended to grant status based on achievement (Shelton et al., 2003), it reflected they hiring and promotion decisions based on skills. In Chrysler, officers had broader responsibilities and bigger salaries and bonuses (Badrtalei et al., 2007), their obligations of organization were low. Masculinity versus Femininity Based on Figure 2, the score of Germany and United States is 66 and 62 respectively. Masculinity countries that people strengthen assertiveness and competition and interest in material success. Femininity countries that people concern more with living environment and relationship. (Signorini et al., 2009) In the result of Hofstede, Germany and United Statess result was approach. In order to maintain the luxury image of Daimler, employees flew first-class during business travel. (Badrtalei et al., 2007) Daimler had a stress on competition. However, only top officers of Chrysler could fly first-class during the business travel (Badrtalei et al., 2007), it also was the performance of the masculinity. Because both of them preferred the masculinity in the result of Hofstede, their value of work, money and achievement were similarly. Long term orientation versus Short term orientation In term of long term orientation, there are differentiation between elder and younger sisters and brothers, in business that building of relationships and market position, people should live more equally. Short term orientation that all siblings are equal, in business that short-time results and the bottom line, economic and social life to be ordered by abilities etc. (Schneider and Barsoux, 2003) The result of long term orientation in Germany is 31, United States is 29 that shown in Figure 2. These two countries belonged to short term orientation based on Hofstede. Actually, Luthans (1998) remarked that Germans had a longer-time orientation. About workforce, Germany is more stable than United States. German employees preferred work for many years for the same company, they focused on building of relationships and a strong market position. (Shelton et al., 2003) Germans forced on full-year results of financial reporting system. (Badrtalei et al., 2007) On the other side, US employees were instable of the workforce and they rarely worked many years in the same company (Shelton et al., 2003), because they focus on short-term results. Also, the financial reporting system is on a quarterly basis (Badrtalei et al., 2007). 4. Conclusion Daimler AG is one of the worlds automotive companies and it has 125 years history. Gottlieb Daimler and Carl Benz was the founder of Daimler-Benz AG. In 1998, there was the merger between Daimler-Benz AG and Chrysler Corporation, these two companies located in Germany and United States respectively. And the cooperation of Daimler and Chrysler was merger of equals. At the beginning, their merger was viewed a strong alliance by international market. However, their relationship of merger maintained nine years. During the merger, DaimlerChrysler had cultural clashes, since the employees of DaimlerChrysler were came from Daimler and Chrysler respectively, they had some differences in work habits, communication style, planning and decisions, negotiation strategies and leadership. The cultural clashes of DaimlerChrysler can use Hofstedes cultural difference model to analyze. Hofstedes cultural difference model has five value dimensions to analyze the cultural difference. They are power distance dimension, the uncertainty avoidance dimension, individualist-collectivist dimension, masculinity-femininity dimension and long-term orientation short-term orientation dimension. According to Figure 2, the result of power distance dimension, masculinity-femininity and long-term orientation short-term orientation on Germany and United States is closely. Conversely, there was obviously difference on individualism-collectivist dimension and uncertainty avoidance dimension. In term of power distance dimension, Daimler executed hierarchy in the management style that subordinates must follow superior. On the other side, Chrysler was more freewheeling in management style, such as employee can challenge their manager. About uncertainty avoidance, Daimler was higher than Chrysler. Daimler was more traditional and need to use formal channel when making decision. Conversely, Chrysler preferred open collars, free-form discussions and casual repartee. (Badrtalei et al., 2007) Regard to individualism-collectivism, United States is the highest score in the world. Since Chrysler is the American based company, they were more force on themselves. To sum up, the Germans regarded the entrepreneurial spirit and innovative thinking, whereas the Americans valued the methodological engineering technical capabilities. (Darling, Seristo and Gabrielsson, 2005) 5. Recommendations Appendix Daimler Target System Figure 1 The result of Germany and United States Figure 2

Edgar Allan Poe Essay -- essays research papers fc

Edgar Allen Poe Edgar Allan Poe Edgar Allen Poe’s contributions to American literature have become increasingly more prominent as the years have passed. As short fiction has become a more accepted genre in literary circles, Poe’s theories are studied with more passion. Although he lived a rather melancholy life, Poe did experience moments of joy, and desired to capture the beauty through poetic form. Indeed, what he left behind for the literary world was his gifted genus, revealed through his poetry, fiction, and criticism. The darkness that seems to surround Poe’s life began as an infant. Poe was born January 19, 1809 in Boston, Massachusetts. He was the second son of David and Eliza Poe, but soon after he was born, David abandoned the family. Then two years after that occurrence, Eliza died from tuberculosis. After her death, Edgar, his little sister, Rosalie, and his brother, William, were separated. While William was sent to live with his grandparents, and Rosalie was sent t o a family in Richmond, Virginia, Poe moved to live with John and Fannie Allan (Silverman 1-15). John Allan was a well-known businessman, and Poe was no longer surrounded in poverty. John made sure that Poe was given a good education, and when living in England with the Allan’s, he went to private academies. The then moved back to the states, and Edgar enrolled at the University of Virginia in 1826. When he was there, he spent much of his money, and soon found himself in debt. He asked Mr. Allan to pay for it, but he refused, because he assumed that the debt was due to Poe’s constant gambling and consumption of alcohol (Silverman 29-38). It can be assumed that the greatest contributor to Poe’s disturbance was his addiction to alcohol. His foster family’s status made this problem a shameful vise, and a source of conflict. Poe used drinking as an escape of sorts, and his life was greatly affected by the substance. It disrupted his writing, his first engagem ent, and his time with his foster family. After he left home, he tried to make a life for himself in Boston. He was reunited with his brother, but at the young age of 24 he died which upset Poe very much. His writing became more insistent after being rejecting constantly by newspapers. Soon afterwards, he married his own cousin, Virginia, who was his symbol as the perfect woman. In 1837, he moved to New York, where competed wit... ...erished possession. Finally, he asks once again, whether it is fantasy that is only a dream, or is it that reality itself is but a dream as well. Edgar Allan Poe always seemed to desire creating another world, an artificial creation, but in this process conveys the beauty he always craved for. Poe’s life was one full of despair and depression, which later lead him to create literary masterpieces. Perhaps it was this state of mind which made him appear fearless, allowing him to voice his opinion in spite of the criticism directed at him. In this day and age, his words are to be regarded with a newfound significance, for literature has become a genre in and of itself. His theories on writing will continue to be studied for generations to come. Though his place in literary circles was uncertain in his own time, his place in the literary cannon is undeniable today. Bibliography Hart, James David. The Oxford Composition to American Literature. New York: Oxford University Press, 1983. May, Charles E. Edgar Allan Poe: A Study of the Short Fiction. Boston: Twayne Publications, 1991. Silverman, Kenneth. Edgar Allan Poe: Mournful and Never-ending Remembrance. New York: Harper, 1992.

Satan in John Miltons Paradise Lost Essay -- essays research papers

Who is Satan? Satan’s definitions include the advocate of God, a personification of evil, the fallen angel, a spirit created by God, and also the accuser. People see Satan differently, some know of his existence, others think of him as just a myth, and there are those that just ignore him. John Milton's Paradise Lost tells of Satan's banishment from Heaven and his gain of earth. He and his brigade have plotted war against God and are now doomed to billow in the fiery pits of hell. Satan is a complex character with many different qualities. God is a character who we, as Christians, know about but do not completely understand. We also do not completely understand Satan. Some may think they know Satan but when asked â€Å"Is Satan divine?† they hesitate. I admit that this is a very tough question to answer but it is just one of the ways that we understand Satan. The tools we have to understand Satan are mainly the just Bible and our questions, but some use John Milton’s Pa radise Lost. There are some who think we should not use Paradise Lost as a tool because it is just a fictional book. I personally believe that this book could be a story told to John Milton by the Holy Spirit. Milton's Satan is somewhat different to our thought of Satan largely because he is more complex than the Satan of the Christian tradition. Satan's rebelliousness, his seeking of transcendence and his capacity for action, particularly evil action, change certain people’s viewpoints on him, even if their viewpoint might be considered theologically misleading. The question is: do we actually understand Satan and evil by means of the book Paradise Lost? In John Milton's Paradise Lost, Satan is banished from Heaven for his defiance against God. Satan an... ...ological story. We have books like the â€Å"Left Behind† series and some of us treat them like they are describing what is going to happen. In the book Wrestling with Dark Angels Satan is described as â€Å"a supernatural being, although limited in power yet still greatly effective in fulfilling his malicious purpose, at least for a time. Because he is limited in power he has to rely upon clever delusion and allusion† (117). Satan will never be in charge of us as long as we never let him in. If we let him in we will see the allusion and will love it like he does. Finally, Satan interests many critics, who ask many questions. Many of the questions are unanswerable since we do not have access to Satan’s mind, let alones Milton mind. The Satan in Paradise Lost is a product of Milton. His character will continue to fascinate and confuse us all for many more generations.

Of Mice and Men Book Report Essay

In the book â€Å"Of Mice & Men† the two main characters are George and Lennie. The setting of the story seems to be set back in the early 1900’s or the late 1800’s by the dialect they use. The two characters have a unique relationship. The first character is a small quick man with strong features his name is George. The other man is very large with a shapeless face and is also quite slow his name is Lennie. Throughout the story these two characters complement each other fairly nicely. Even though Lennie gets on Georges nerves most of the time it is very entertaining to read. First of all, the character George is the one that takes care of Lennie and makes sure that he doesn’t get into any trouble. I know that George sometimes has regret about having Lennie with him, it proves this when George said â€Å"If I was alone I could live so easy. I could go get a job an’ work, an’ no trouble. No mess at all.† Even so I could always tell that he deeply cares for Lennie. Overall George is a loyal friend to Lennie and dealt with Lennie no matter what, even when I came to the end George only did what he felt was right for Lennie. On the other hand, Lennie Is a gentle giant that is totally oblivious to his extraordinary body strength. During the beginning of the story is says that Lennie is very tactile and doesn’t know his own strength; it backs this up when George reminded Lennie of what he did in Weed. In weed Lennie spotted a lady with a dress of a soft fabric, and because Lennie doesn’t understand cause and effect he doesn’t think of what could happen. So Lennie grabbed the dress and naturally the lady got frightened and screamed, but simple Lennie held on without realizing he was bothering someone. Together George and Lennie have a very entertaining relation as I stated previously. George and Lennie are exactly two different people which helps there dynamic such as; Big-Small and Dumb-Smart. Throughout the book the way that the two interacted with each other intensified for me. At first I felt like Lennie was a burden on George and was just a guy Lennie’s Aunt Clara dumped upon George. But as the story Progressed the relationship and the interaction became deeper and almost felt as if they were family. In conclusion the book really showed me about truly unique friendships. George and Lennie are models for me. It showed me  that any interactions can lead to a deep, serious friendship. Also that even though George and Lennie seem like two different people they can still become closer than brothers.

Genetically modified food Essay

The past score of years has witnessed the astonishing revolution in the scope of plant breeding technologies. The biological technologies have regularly been utilized to create new gene combinations for progressing crop diversities. This intentionally modified by the manipulation of the DNA, and transformation of certain genes to create new variations of life, which called genetically modified (GM) food. There is presently some debate about whether to accept GM food. The disadvantages of GM food are labelling issue and transformation of certain genes might lead to environmental issues. Nevertheless, there are also a number of crucial advantages such as farmers could improve their economic benefits and GM food could improve the nutritional quality to prevent disease. Therefore, this essay will argue that GM food has obvious benefits to the society because it can improve economic benefits by trading and decrease allergenic. GM food has some negative consequences for society. The main adverse effect is that GM food may has mandatory labelling scheme issues. Research has shown that some manufacturers realize that implement a mandatory labelling scheme could cost a fortune (Steiner 2000, p. 158; Uzogara 2000, p. 188). Moreover, labelling of GM food could remind consumer these products are biotech, and this could lead to customer losses (Uzogara 2000, p. 188). Then, the concept of mandatory labelling scheme for GM food in some countries is uncertainty (Steiner 2000, p. 158). For example, manufacturers use misleading and confusing labelling to muddle the consumer such as ‘may contain genetically modified material’ (Steiner 2000, p. 158). Indeed, labelling issue for GM food is extremely difficult to implement in some countries, governments may promulgate a series of legislation to implementation. Secondly, transformation of new DNA technology used to create GM food that has environmental risks. This involves monarch butterfly early death and threatens beneficial insects, which would seriously destroy the balance of the ecosystem. Some species are suffering from premature death after insects fed by GM crops, and also this might result in difficulty in reproduction such as monarch butterfly and green lacewing insects (Steiner 2000, p. 153). Furthermore, Lemaux (2009, p. 528) has reported an experiment, Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) in genetically engineered (GE) corn pollen could lead to colony collapse disorder that  accelerate the bees’ decline. It can be seen then that mandatory labelling scheme issue and environmental threats could give rise to some negative aspects for GM food. If one looks closely at the literature on this topic, nevertheless, there are a number of significant advantage points to GM food. One of these is that GM food could improve farmers’ economic benefits. According to Uzogara (2000, p. 193), GM food could be converted from annuals to perennials that would increase crop yields during the year. Perennial crops would lead to increased labor allocation, reduced labor costs, decreased fertilizer use and cost of production for farmers to make more economic profits (Uzogara 2000, pp. 193-194). For example, according to USDA surveys from 2001 to 2003, 79% of US farmers who choose Bt corn to increase yields (Lemaux 2009, p. 536). He also states that the Zaragoza region is one of the three leading GE corn-growing regions in Spanish and has at least 11.8% yield increase. Indeed, the profitability of farmers’ growth is approximately $69 per acre per year higher than conventional farmers (Lemaux 2009, p. 536). Especially, farmers in developing countries realized the most significant economic benefits from GM rice because large-scale farmers have higher yields and less infestation (Lemaux 2009, p. 536). This evidence shows that GF food farming is a potentially high profit margin business, and profitability often depends on factors relating to crop yield and pest infestation. Thus, GM food could change the status quo to achieve the highest profitability for farmers. Allied to this is the further advantage of GM food which could improve nutritional food quality. This involves nutritional content and health-enhancing properties of particular foods that might solve malnutrition and population health problems in developing countries. Uzogara (2000, p. 194) states that GM crops would help the population to reach their daily based requirements and prevent malnutrition. For example, cassava has been genetically modified to have a higher nutrient value (Anon cited in Uzogara 2000, p. 194). Furthermore, the nutritionally enhanced crops like iron, vitamin A and Beta-carotene dense rice could help alleviate malnutrition (Bouis 2007, pp. 80-83). For instance, according to research, approximately three million preschool children in developing countries are suffering from vitamin A deficiency that could lead to visible eye damage,  however, GM rice can increase vitamin A and iron which could prevent blindness (Bouis 2007, pp. 82-86; Ferber cited in Uzogara 2000, p. 194). It is clear that farmers could gain significant economic benefits through GM food because it would increase the yield and reduce labor costs, and nutritionally enhanced crops could help the population to prevent disease or malnutrition. Consequently, although GM food as one kind of biological technologie can have some negative outcomes for labelling and environment issues, GM food arguably has more positive effects. The effect of global trading that is a significant benefit to improve economy. The USA is the dominant exporter of both GM soybeans and GM maize, which are account for 76% of GM maize and 50% of GM soybeans exports (Nielsen et al. 2003, p. 780). He also claims that high-income Asia is the main importer of GM maize and GM soybeans that are 41% and 30% respectively. Moreover, Nabradi & Popp (2011, p. 8) report that GM crops account for a great proportion from global trading that providing significant export profits for many countries. For example, The United States, Argentina and Brazil are the world’s three largest GM soybean and GM maize exporters with above 90% and 80% share of world soybean and maize trade (Nabradi & Popp 2011, pp. 9-10). Similarly, the volume of global soybean trade increased from 85.4 to 87.9 million tonnes from 2009 to 2011, and the volume of global maize trade increased from 86 to 88.5 million tonnes in three years (Nabradi & Popp 2011, p. 10). They also indicate that China has significant soybean importing volume that from 46 to 49 million tonnes during three years. Further to this, eliminating allergens as a result of GM food has been one of the prominent concerns among food quality and human health. Allergenic foods usually contain multiple allergens, such as milk, soy, peanut, crustaceans, fish, egg and tree nuts. According to Herman (2003, p. 1318), using GM to remove intrinsic allergens from soybeans that present in thousands of processed and prepared foods in developed and developing countries. He also claims that eliminate allergens from GM soybeans that has high relationship to the development of GM crops, and transgenic soybeans is a first step in solving food allergies (Herman 2003, p. 1319). Otherwise, the alternative GM method to remove the allergen from food, for instance, some experiments to use gene suppression technology  attempts to reduce and/or eliminate allergens in rye and rice seed, and even use this measure to suppress an allergen in shrimp that is potentially dangerous to sensitive people (Herman 2003, p. 1319). Plausibly, GM food may eliminate allergen from all of food that would help people to stay away from food allergies. Although some argue that GM food may has some negative impacts to mandatory labelling scheme, there is considerable labelling of GM food still has positive impacts on consumer and manufacturers. Uzogara (2000, p. 188) claims that labelling for GM food would enable the consumer to avoid ethical, cultural, or religious reasons by certain foods. For example, Jews and Muslims usually insist on Kosher and Halal foods because the purity of this food can be guaranteed, which not contain pig genes (Uzogara 2000, p. 187). He further maintains that product quality can be improved by labelling, for instance, improved favour, longer shelf-life, and build brand identity. Similarly, according to General Labelling Directive, labelling for GM food that means this can be guaranteed by European regulation, and consumer can trust the information on the products (Andersen 2010, p. 139). Furthermore, while some authors claim that GM food has negative impacts on environment, Uzogara (2000, p. 195) indicates that GM food has still environmental benefits include protection against plant diseases, improvement of saline soil, and herbicide tolerance. GM food like tomatoes, squash and corn become virus resistant that against GM food destroying viruses or viral diseases (Uzogara 2000, p. 195). According to Bouis (2007, p. 80), GM crops can improve soil conditioning that is changing highly saline soils. Then, herbicides are effective against several target weeds also cuts conventional herbicide use significantly (Uzogara 2000, p. 195). While discussing GM food may has some negative impacts to mandatory labelling scheme and environment issues, the considerable positive consequences to improve global trading and remove intrinsic allergens can never be neglected. In conclusion, GM food clearly has advantages on economy and human health. While GM food lead to the mandatory labelling scheme hard to implement and has threats to the environment, success in the labelled GM food let some consumer more easier to choose food and make the crops stronger to against different threats. Furthermore, GM food References: Andersen, LB 2010, ‘The EU rules on labelling of genetically modified foods: mission accomplished?’, European Food & Feed Law Review, vol. 5, no. 3, pp. 136-143, viewed 8 November 2014. Bouis, HE 2007, ‘The potential of genetically modified food crops to improve human nutrition in developing countries’, Journal of Development Studies, vol. 43, no. 1, pp. 79-96, viewed 28 October 2014. Herman, EM 2003, ‘Genetically modified soybeans and food allergies’, Journal Of Experimental Botany, vol. 54, no. 386, pp. 1317-1319, viewed 12 November 2014. Lemaux, PG 2009, ‘Genetically engineered plants and foods: a scientist’s analysis of the issues (Part II)’, Annual Review Of Plant Biology, vol. 60, no. 1, pp. 511-559, viewed 11 November 2014. Nabradi, A & Popp, J 2011, ‘Economics of GM crop cultivation’, APSTRACT: Applied Studies in Agribusiness and Commerce, vol. 5, no. 3, pp. 07-19, viewed 10 November 2014. Steiner, MP 2000, ‘Food flight – the changing landscape of genetically modified foods and the law’, Review Of European Community & International Environmental Law, vol. 9, no. 2, p. 152-160, viewed 11 November 2014. Uzogara, SG 2000, ‘The impact of genetic modification of human foods in the 21st century: A review’, Biotechnology Advances, vol. 18, no. 3, pp. 179-206, viewed 3 November 2014.

Wonders of Science

Science has done great service to mankind. Science has ensured life to be safer, surer and much more comfortable than ever before. Science has helped man to make computers, artificial satellites and robots. Science has given the Americans a defense umbrella in space and it has given the Russians a permanent space station. Russia, it is believed, will have an industrial city in space before 2050 A. D. This would be the height of achievement in the field of science and technology. Science has also helped the common man in many ways. It has given him the modern machinery which has helped to increase the production of food grains.The famines which took the lives of millions of people in the past have now become a distant thing, except in some African countries. Man who was travelling in bullock carts until two hundred years ago is now able to travel in supersonic jets which would take him around the world in twenty four hours. Science has also made communication easier with the invention of telegraphy and the telephone. The invention of the printing press has brought education in the form of books and newspapers to the doorsteps of every common man. Science has given man several means of recreation to spend his leisure time.The greatest wonder of modern science is that we can watch several events as they are happening on the other side of the world by sitting comfortably in our drawing rooms in front of the televisions. Satellite links of televisions have made this possible. Science has also given us the computer which can store a million times more of information in its memory than a human brain and bring them out the flicker of a second. The computer can also work out statistical data of all inhabitants of a city and can give details of any singular feature for several years. These wonders of science have certainly made our living easier and lively.

Descriptive- the Book I Want Essay

There are moments during the day when there is just too much noise. White noise hisses from the television in the corner. The high pitch buzz of rock music blares from earbuds implanted into the ears of someone nearby. Even the insistent clickity-clack of fingers across a computer keyboard seem to add to the flurry of traffic already flushed into my mind, via my overwhelmed ears. For me, there is one moment in my day that quiet is treasured. When I can no longer take it, I escape to a brick and mortar bookstore and treat myself to a hardback book. When I walk in, I am always taken aback by the towering displays of tomes; the precariously perched novels appearing like high divers waiting to plunge to the earth below. I find myself tipping-toeing around the pyramid tables, holding my breath to keep their descent from happening. I scan the plethora of shelves for something to read. Then, without warning, I see it. Hiding away, leaned back against a cold metal shelf, is the one I want; my book of choice, Ready Player One by Ernest Cline. The glossy red and yellow book jacket stands in sharp contrast to the harsh, dulled brown of its perch, like a square apple hanging from a gnarled tree. The crisp, jacket edges fall like a neatly pleated skirt around a strong sturdy backing. Embossed letters softly raise themselves to my eyes as if to say, ‘hello’, and bid me to take them home. I spy uniformed ivory pages sandwiched between the black binding, small gaps in the spacing attempt to cry out with a silent, ‘open at me first’. My mind reels at what might be uncovered once I take it home, do I dare? The hardback emits such a yearning to me, that I cannot stop a gently quivering hand from reaching out and lifting it off the ledge. At first touch, the novel is cool and smooth beneath warm meager fingers. The imprinted title on the book’s sleeve rolls beneath my fingertips, like gently sloping mountains surrounding wide expansive valleys. Tracing outside the lettering, I find the rest of the cover faintly akin to sandpaper, and draw my fingers back. I rest the digest atop flat palms to feel for its weight & length. It is not so light that it may be mistaken for a mere picture book, yet it does not carry enough weight as War and Peace might. It would make a lovely specimen in my growing collect. I tenderly run my fingertips across closed pages, savoring the minute detail of mismatched page lengths. Subsequently, I soothingly open the story just enough to hear it murmur to me. My ears delight in the sudden recognition of hundreds of small birds fluttering, as if startled by someone traipsing through their habitat. Closing the lid on this glee, I am met by the crackling pop of the book’s spine; a tribute to a roaring fire that would be waiting for us once we reached home. Sighing softly, I make my way to the front of the store to purchase my indulgence. I brush off the jacket only to find the swishing of my hand calls to mind the gentle simmer of butter in a hot pan upon the stove. For an instant, my desire for my book is momentarily eclipsed by my hunger, as I place my prize upon the cashier’s stand. The echoing thud sounds like a dropped suitcase on a marble floor in an empty airport terminal, always louder then you expect it to be. I swipe my credit card as the smiling young lady behind the register: hurriedly wraps my treasure in plastic, places a paper receipt inside the bag, presents me with my purchase, and thrusts me towards the exit. Walking out, I have a sense of anticipation building within my chest. I have my prize, and all that remains is to get home to the safety of my quiet room and secluded chair. My breath catches in my throat as I think of how wonderful it will be to relish in the first written words of the story. I imagine myself like Neil Armstrong, except taking a step into a new fantasy and not onto the moon. The drive home is marred with endless lines of cars braking at multiple stoplights. We pulse between the gas and brake pedals, like the jerky motion of a springy horse at a public playground. The constant rocking forward and back has started to slowly lull me to sleep, so I turn up the air, unexpectedly puffing the bag around my reward. Immediately, the vents push the scent of new paper into my face, I breathe deeply. The lingering spice of aged leather and printer ink reminds me of long hours curled up in the quiet, delighting in an author’s heady language. I slowly exhale my valued lungful of air, when I notice I am within reach of my home. My heart leaps at the memory of my hushed home; its tranquility will only add to the soothing moments I plan on spending with Mr. Cline, an escape from the hustle of noise. Pulling into my driveway I get a twinge in my heart of something gone wrong, like the smell of looming rain before a massive storm. The car door slamming should be thunderous, but its noise is drowned out by the riotous thumping of a bass drum. Making my way into the house, the clash of a high hat cymbal rattles the glass, distinctly reminding me of lightning doing the same during the last storm. Somehow, I get the distinct feeling that my attempts to have a quiet, relaxed noiseless reading time will be trumped by the clamor next door. And wouldn’t you guess it, I was right.

Analysing The Religious Views On Euthanasia Philosophy Essay

Analysing The Religious Views On Euthanasia Philosophy Essay When it comes to religious point of views on issues, euthanasia is one of the most controversial moral topics of all time. Euthanasia comes from the Greek word ÃŽÂ µÃƒ ¡Ã‚ ½Ã‚ ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ¸ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ±ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ½ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ±Ãƒ Ã†â€™ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ¯ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ± meaning ‘good death. Euthanasia can be defined as â€Å"the practice of ending a life in a technique that reduces pain and suffering† ( Eike-Henner 11). Religions such as the Roman Catholics and Orthodox Judaism oppose euthanasia on the grounds that it invades God’s territory of life and death. Life is considered a gift from God and should only be taken back by God. There are different forms of euthanasia: voluntary/involuntary and active/passive. Active euthanasia is the inducement of death by taking specific steps such overdose of painkillers or sleeping pills. Passive euthanasia, on the other hand, is the discontinuation of medical treatment in a terminal case so as to allow the patient have a natural death. Voluntary euthanas ia is killing a person for the purpose of relieving pain from terminal or incurable illness or injury with their consent. Finally, involuntary euthanasia is killing a person for the purpose of relieving suffering without first obtaining the person’s consent. â€Å"This paper will examine the ethical views of the Roman Catholics and the Orthodox Jews on the act of euthanasia.† The Roman Catholic teachings have a precise definition for euthanasia. Pope John Paul II describes it as â€Å"an act or omission which of itself or by intention causes death, with the purpose of eliminating all suffering† (Evangelium vitae [Ev], 1995, n. 65). The Church teaches that it is morally unacceptable and constitutes it as a murderous act, which is contrary to what they call the dignity of a person. Namely that every individual is born with dignity, and they are an estimable value. They value the human life, because a person indeed is priceless, for they are created by God. Euthana sia is an act that denies respect of God, the creator. Even if a person is acting on good faith, nothing changes the nature of what euthanasia is; at the very base euthanasia is an act of murder. When it comes to physicians assisted suicide the Roman Catholics describe it as a grave sin against God, because it suggests that a person is in charge of their body instead of God the creator. Physicians assisted suicide can be defined as â€Å"a doctor or medical staff person prescribes a lethal amount of medication with the intent of assisting a person commit suicide (John 151). The patient then takes the dose or turns the switch. Since preserving life is the greatest good for Catholics, they believe that the 5th commandment in the Old Testament of the Bible says it all â€Å"Thou shall not kill† (John 14). They believe this applies to killing oneself or killing someone else who has asked to die such as a terminally ill patient. No human being has the authority to make life and d eath decisions. Killing denies the victim something that he or she values greatly, continued life or a future. Moreover, since continued life is necessary for pursuing future endeavors, killing brings the suppression of all of these plans. Therefore, Catholics believe that doctor assisted-suicide deprives an individual of a future that they potentially could’ve had.

Critical Thinking and Nursing Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Critical Thinking and Nursing - Assignment Example The patient is evidently emotionally distressed, and this becomes the priority nursing diagnosis. Teaching infection control at this moment would not be effective. The priority at the moment is either to provide the client with psychological counselling. If it is not possible to offer both emotional and psychological support that the client is presently in need of, I will refer the patient to a psychologist for professional counselling, which is a step in to collaborative healthcare management. The privacy rule in HIPPA’s provision governs the handling and disclosure of client’s Protected Health Information by health-care providers. According to the American Psychology Association (2003), protected health information is defined as personal identifiable medical information that relates to the payment of care, provision of healthcare or the patient’s condition and all states have privacy laws already in place for such information. An individual’s right for health records privacy is recognized and such records remain a property of the health facility maintaining them. It is only when required or permitted by the state laws or other provisions that health information can be disclosed (e.g. following a subpoena). However, the broad standard applies that the law of the state takes precedence over HIPAA if it offers more protection to the patient and conversely, HIPPA take over when the state law is less stringent (American Psychology Association, 2003 ). Under the guidelines of HIPAA, the longest time one should wait before getting medical coverage for a pre-existing condition should not exceed twelve months and eighteen months for late enrollees. However, HIPAA also makes another provision for individuals switching from one group insurance job to another without interruption.  

Social psychology essays Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4750 words

Social psychology essays - Essay Example because of technical ineptitude in the fingerprinting or DNA laboratory for example, perjured testimony, eyewitness misidentification, and also because of overzealous law enforcement officers who are eager to close the case and mete out justice. A courtroom is a place wherein many evidence are presented that are at best circumstantial and are then judged by ordinary people if it works for or against the defendant—a room wherein people not experts at lie detection weigh witness testimonies. Thus, wrongful convictions are not unexpected as the justice system is composed of imperfect human beings. Some states wherein there is a high rate of erroneous convictions have already enacted bills to address this problem. Because the United States rely on juries to ultimately decide on a person’s guilt, I believe that there should be a seminar or lecture regarding lie detection in order to minimize wrongful convictions. The jurors should be fully aware of what their decision could mean and what the evidences signify. In this way, they can create a more educated verdict. They are better equipped to intelligently weigh the evidences and testimonies that are presented during the trial. The polygraph relies on the physiological changes in the body, like pulse and blood pressure, to detect deception. It starts with a series of control questions to set the tone like â€Å"What is your name?† This is then followed by an explanation of what the polygraph is and what it does. Next comes the â€Å"stim test† wherein the person attached to the polygraph will be asked to lie so that the tester can see if the machine has picked up on this lie and is working properly. Then the test itself ensues. The questions alternate between some that are irrelevant, some control questions, and those that are relevant to the case. If the tester is not satisfied with the results, there is a post-test interview that is conducted. The polygraph has been known as the lie detector test that some highly

Summaries Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Summaries - Assignment Example The author claims that science does not end with one discovery, because a new finding often leads to further questions which serve as a new challenge for scientists. The article outlines the four-step process undertaken by scientists to come up with new theories. The scientific process always starts with a fruitful question. A fruitful question is a question which in spite of taking into consideration everything known about the object or event, still crops up and remain a mystery about such object or event (The scientific state of mind 399). After identifying a fruitful question, the scientist comes up with several hypotheses that are possible answers to the questions. These hypotheses are then tested, either through laboratory experiments or through scientific observations. If a hypothesis is proven to be true, then it will be considered as a theory. The fourth stage follows which is known as the â€Å"question chain† because after coming up with a scientific theory, new ques tions come up that will again go through the scientific process. One can therefore say that the scientific process is a cycle because it goes on and on. ... The arguments enumerated by the author are clearly presented in the essay. First, he asserts that prostitution provides job opportunities for women. It pays more than the other lowly jobs such as servants and factory workers (Enough already, it's time we decriminalize prostitution 437). Furthermore, based on his interviews with prostitutes, some of these women freely chose to become prostitutes and are happy with their jobs. The author also argues that the decriminalizing prostitution offers safeguards to both the prostitutes and their clients. Problems such as sexually-transmitted diseases and low rates are better addressed. Prostitutes get police protection. Clients obtain a sense of security because prostitutes are required to register with the authorities and they undergo medical testing. The author professes that criminalization of prostitution is worse. He cites Sweden’s experience after it criminalized commercial sex in 1998. He says that the rates became lower, clients were fewer and there were more incidences of violence. The author concludes by stating that people should not make hasty generalizations by saying that â€Å"sex workers are victims and all clients are demons† (Enough already, it's time we decriminalize prostitution 437). He goes on further to say that people should not be moral judges and instead be more honest on the issue of prostitution (Enough already, it's time we decriminalize prostitution 437). Improvements Made and Principles Discovered Through these exercises one has learned that in summarizing articles, it is important first to state the title and author. One must also identify the main thesis of the article and state

The Chinese Store Giordano Case Study Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

The Chinese Store Giordano Case Study - Essay Example In 1985, Giordano opened its first retail shop in Singapore. It was the beginning for expansion for Giordano. In 1987, the competitive market forced Lai to redefine its corporate strategy and introduce unisex casuals that were attractive and affordable for men, women and children. It was highly innovative and firm used unit sales of value-for-money merchandize as against profit margin to maximize its revenue. The strategy was a huge success helped it to maintain its competitive advantage within the market. Giordano’s expansion also resulted in differentiating its product line into well defined categories and specialized outlets that catered to more trendy casuals and semi formals for men, women and children through its brands like Giordano, Giordano Ladies, Giordano Junior and Blue Star Exchange. Giordano’s corporate strategy is aligned with its corporate vision. It relies on exceptional customer service, quality, knowledge, innovation and simplicity. It judiciously app lies FSA (feasibility, sustainability and acceptability) tools on its strategic options to optimize its productive outcome. It meets the needs of the customers by implementing the desired changes within its operations and production. Its sales team is highly skilled and equipped with socio-psychological tools to deliver exemplary service to its customers. Performance is evaluated not only by the firm’s supervisor and auditors but also by the customers. It believed in limited variety within its core items so it can maintain quality. Knowledge management was critical aspect of its operational success. Giordano continuously strives to learn from its past errors and uses technology extensively to improve and improvise its processes vis-a-vis inventory management, supply chain, analyzing changing trend in customers’ preferences etc. With low inventory and effective supply chain, it is able to provide customers with the latest trend fashion wear. At the same time, using cent ralized distribution system, low store inventory also enables it to exploit store space innovatively that attracts customers. The real time production, based on current sales greatly facilitates in meeting the changing demands of the customers. Moreover, the short cycle of its products save expenses of dead inventory or slow moving inventory, thus making its operations cost effective. Answer 2 According to Kotler and Keller (2012), position is critical element of market that helps create an image that is preferred by customer. The major aim is to ensure that the consumer identifies with the brand when product or service is required. As such, repositioning becomes highly desirable strategy for firms that deal in consumer goods and constantly need to meet the challenges of changing customers’ requirements. Repositioning strategy provides the businesses with great leverage to introduce new products or add value to existing processes or products to meet fast changing dynamics of the markets. In 1987, it had to reposition its strategy of exclusive men’s casuals with unisex clothing to target women’s segment also. With the changing external environment, firms need to adapt new strategies to compete and maintain their niche market position (Kotler et al., 2010). While Giordano’s core competency has always been its customer service, its value-for-money was hugely successful strategic option. In the highly competitive environment of global business, especially when Giordano needs to expand beyond its traditional market of

The Marketing Strategy Project Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4500 words

The Marketing Strategy Project - Research Paper Example This is a feasibility report for the establishment of nightclubs in the United Kingdom. An organization that is currently operating some nightclubs in the United States seeks to expand into the European market and is interested in targeting its preliminary efforts in the U.K. This country has a vibrant history of active nightclub life with the latest record labels and new artists being introduced here. The New York nightclub that has opened several facilities across the United States using the same principles of urban music, designer food and dà ©cor and good food and music and the organization has experienced some degree of success and is in a   healthy position to consider expansion into the European market. The U.K. scenario: The selection of the U.K. offers several advantages. Next, to the United States, it has the highest proportions of nightclub traffic. The common language of English used in the UK reduces barriers that may be created by communication difficulties.   New York City laws on smoking and noise control have resulted in the loss of some business for the nightclub and this is aggravated by the fact that the customers are not loyal to one club but are constantly on the lookout for the latest hot spot (Crains, 2004). However, in contrast, the UK offers the facility of a new Licensing Act that provides for a 24 hour, composite license to open and operate a nightclub, provide drinks, refreshment and entertainment. Several of the trendy new pop artists who are gaining popularity is from the U.K., as are film and media personalities including the famous Rowling. Consumers in the UK are young, savvy, trendy and contributing significantly to the success of nightclub-related ventures and new record labels. Therefore the UK offers an exciting new market for the U.S. Company to consider. On the negative side, a research study conducted by the Mintel group(2004) shows that nightclubs in the U.K. have been struggling for the past two years due to increased competition from other leisure time activities, including summer music festivals.